Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezenziwe nge-nanostructured kwizixhobo zogwebu ze-nickel ezine-dimensional ezintathu njenge-electrocatalysts yokuqhekeka kwamanzi.

Ukuncipha kwamafutha efosili kunye neenkxalabo ezikhulayo malunga namandla kunye nemiba yokusingqongileyo kukhokelele kwiinzame zophando ezibanzi zokuphuhlisa eminye imithombo yamandla.Electrochemical electrolysisamanzi athathwa njengesicwangciso esithembisayo sokuvelisa amafutha e-hydrogen. Nangona kunjalo, ukuchithwa kwamanzi okusebenzayo kufuna i-electrocatalysts esebenzayo kunye neyomeleleyo enokukhawuleza i-kinetics ye-oxygen-extraction reaction (OER) kunye ne-hydrogen-extraction reaction (HER). Ii-catalysts ezinentsimbi ezihloniphekileyo, ezifana ne-Pt kunye ne-alloys yayo, i-RuO2 kunye ne-IrO2, okwangoku zezona zilungelelanisa i-catalyzing OER kunye ne-HER. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko eziphezulu kunye nokunqongophala kweentsimbi ezihloniphekileyo kuthintele ukusetyenziswa kwazo okukhulu kunye nophuhliso lobuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo. Ukoyisa le mida, iinzame ezinkulu zenziwe ukuyila kunye nokudibanisa ii-electrocatalyst zetsimbi ezingenaxabiso kusetyenziswa izinto ezininzi zomhlaba njengezinye iindlela zoqoqosho kwi-OER kunye ne-OERHER. Ii-oxide zetsimbi zenguqu, i-sulfides, i-phosphides, izinto ze-carbon, i-selenides, kunye ne-mixed-metal complexes ziye zafundwa ngokubanzi kwaye zibonise ukusebenza okuthembisayo kwi-OER kunye ne-HER. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwala ma-electrocatalysts afuna ukugqithiswa okuphezulu kunezixhobo ezisemgangathweni ezisekwe kwintsimbi, kwaye uphuculo lozinzo lwazo luhlala lubalulekile. Ngoko ke, kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokuphuhlisa i-electrode enexabiso eliphantsi kunye nesebenzayo isakhiwo se-electrode kunye nomsebenzi ophezulu kunye nokuzinza kwexesha elide lokwahlula kwamanzi okusebenzayo.

Kwintsimi yezicelo ze-electrochemical, iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zisetyenzisiwe ukulungiselela i-electrodes. Indlela yokuqala kunye neyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-catalysts kwifom yomgubo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-electrodes zakhiwa ngokusebenzisa i-slurries yezinto zombane, iziphuculi ze-conductivity, kunye ne-adhesives kwi-conductive substrates. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ayinayo imiqobo. Ukungalungi okuphambili yimfuneko ye-binder yokufaka umbane, okunciphisa indawo yoqhagamshelwano phakathi kwe-electrolyte kunye ne-catalyst. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuthinteleni iisayithi ezisebenzayo, okukhokelela ekuchaseni okuphezulu kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-electrocatalytic. Ukongezelela, i-electrodes ayizinzile, njengoko i-catalyst eqhotyoshelweyo ivame ukukhupha kwi-substrate eqhubayo kwiindawo eziphezulu zangoku. Isicwangciso sesibini esiphambili sokulungiswa kwe-electrode kukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezihloniphekileyo ezisekelwe kwisinyithi ezifakwe kwi-electrodeposited ngokuthe ngqo kwi-conductive substrate, njenge-foam ye-nickel, i-foil yobhedu, i-carbon cloth okanye iphepha, i-FTO, insimbi engenasici kunye ne-nickel foil. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ayinayo imida yayo. Kunzima ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo indawo efikelelekayo phakathi kwezinto ezisebenzayo ezigciniweyo kwaye, ngoko ke, ukusebenza kwe-electrode kuncipha ngokunyuka kwefilimu ngenxa yokungafumaneki kwe-substrate kwiindawo ezisebenzayo ngaphakathi. Ukongezelela, ubunzima kunye neendleko eziphezulu zendlela zithintela kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwayo okusebenzayo. Ngoko ke, ukuphuhliswa kweendlela zokwenziwa kweendleko ezisebenzayo zei-electrodes ene-3D-dimensionaliyimfuneko kwizicelo eziyimpumelelo ze-electrochemical.

Uphuhliso lwemathiriyeli yentsimbi emitsha ene-dimensional-dimensional ene-porous kunye neendawo eziphakamileyo eziphezulu zitsale ingqwalasela enkulu ngenxa yamandla azo okunciphisa ubude be-ion yokusasazwa kunye nokwandisa i-ionic kunye ne-electronic conductivity. Ngoko ke, isikhokelo esithembisayo soyilo lwe-electrocatalyst kukudibanisa imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yesakhiwo ukwenzela ukudala i-nanostructured composite ye-catalyst carriers ebonelela nge-conductivity ephezulu, indawo enkulu kunye nokuzinza okuphezulu.I-nickel foam(NF), izinto ezithengiswayo kunye nezingabizi kakhulu, zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi njenge-substrate kunye ne-carrier yezinto ze-electrode ngenxa yezinto ezinqwenelekayo ezintathu-dimensional ezivulekileyo ze-pore, i-conductivity ephezulu yombane, kunye nommandla omkhulu wendawo ethile.I-micropores kunye ne-jagged flow flowing Imijelo engaphakathi kwe-NFs ikwabonelela ngodluliselo lobuninzi olulungileyo kunye nommandla omkhulu womphezulu weyunithi nganye. Ii-substrates ezahlukeneyo, ezibandakanya i-foams zetsimbi ezahlukeneyo, i-meshes, i-foil kunye neendwangu, ziye zahlolwa njengabaqokeleli bezicelo ze-electrochemical ezifana neebhetri ze-lithium-ion, ii-supercapacitors, iiseli zelanga kunye nokwahlula kwamanzi. Ngokukodwa, i-NFs ene-porous iye yatsala ingqalelo ngenxa yeendleko zabo eziphantsi, ukuqhutyelwa kombane, kunye nommandla omkhulu we-electroactive surface, olungele ukulayisha i-catalysts kunye nokwandisa iindawo ezisebenzayo ze-electrochemical. Ukongezelela, i-NFs ene-porous inenzuzo ekuphuculeni ukuthuthwa kobuninzi be-electrolyte, okwenza ukuba babe ngabaviwa abafanelekileyo kwindawo ephezulu yabaqokeleli bangoku kwizicelo zamandla. Ukukhula ngokuthe ngqo kwezinto ezisebenzayo kwi-nickel foam kwandisa uqhagamshelwano lwe-catalyst-substrate yokudluliselwa kwe-electron ngokufanelekileyo kwiimpendulo zokuqhekeka kwamanzi. Ngelixa i-supercapacitor kunye nee-electrode zebhetri zihlala ziyizicelo eziphambili ze-NFs, uphando olutshanje lubonise ukuba izinto ze-electrode ezifakwe kule nto zinomsebenzi ophezulu we-OER kune-Ni foils kunye neinetha. Ezi zixhobo zingasetyenziswa nokuba zisemoyeni wazo wendalo okanye zihlotshiswe ngezinto ezisebenzayo, kwaye i-foam ingasetyenziselwa zombini njengabaqokeleli kunye nenkxaso substrates. Ngaloo ndlela, ukukhula kwe-nanostructured, umhlaba ocebileyo we-catalytic material on NF substrates ubambe isithembiso sokuphuhliswa kwezinto eziphambili ze-electrode zokugcina amandla / izixhobo zokuguqula. Nangona i-electrocatalysts etyebileyo yomhlaba ekhule ngokuthe ngqo kwi-nickel foam ifumaneka ngokuqhelekileyo, i-electrode ye-3-dimensional electrode kwi-nickel foam ye-OERs kunye ne-HERs ayizange iphandwe ngokubanzi, nangona ziyizakhiwo ze-hierarchical ezine-porous ezinexabiso eliphantsi kwaye kulula ukwenza.